多元支付不是要取代现金******
姚 进
近日，一则“大额纸币会逐渐退出市场流通”的传言引起涟漪，甚至有观点认为此举是为了推广数字人民币。显而易见，这是一种误读。人民币现金是国家法定货币，数字人民币研发不是为了取代现金，而是为了助力数字经济发展，提升普惠金融发展水平，更好满足人民群众生产生活需要。在可预见的将来，现金仍将长期存在。
由于纸币在流通过程中会逐渐老化，变脏变旧，这种“脏污”类型的纸币，属于不宜流通人民币。为进一步提升流通中人民币质量，2022年8月，中国人民银行发布了新版《不宜流通人民币 纸币》(JR/T0153-2022)金融行业标准，对脏污指标评价标准进行了提升。目前对一些纸币的回收，是为了进一步提升流通中人民币整洁度，确保公众用上“放心钱”“干净钱”。
近年来，随着第三方支付手段的普及，购物、用餐、加油、买票等诸多场景的现金支付已逐渐被手机扫码取代。移动支付的飞速发展改变了传统的支付方式，也改变了大家的支付习惯。有人说，现在出门不带现金不要紧，忘带手机则“寸步难行”；有商家说，使用现金成本较高，需要花时间去清点和保管，而且有安全上的顾虑；甚至有观点认为，既然移动支付是大势所趋，那么整顿拒收现金就是多此一举。
这些观点看似有一定道理，实则不然。人民币是我国的法定货币，人民币现金是我国境内最基础的支付手段。现实中，部分商家或公共服务机构拒收现金的行为，不仅剥夺了消费者的支付选择权，也损害了人民币的法定货币尊严，更不利于形成公平竞争的市场环境。
现金在保障公众支付权利公平、在重大自然灾害等极端情况下稳定公众支付需求等方面具备不可替代的优势。尤其对老年人来说，拒收现金给老年人的生活带来诸多不便。早在2018年，监管部门就曾明确鼓励多元化支付方式发展，整治拒收现金行为。2020年12月，央行就规范人民币现金收付行为有关事项发布专项公告，重申任何单位和个人不得拒收现金，不得排斥和歧视现金支付。可见，不论是什么原因，都不能成为拒收现金的理由。
目前，我国已形成现金、银行卡、互联网支付、移动支付并存的多样化支付工具体系，同时数字人民币研发和试点工作正在稳妥推进中。不同的支付工具各有优势，能较好地满足不同市场主体的支付需求。鼓励多元化支付不等于对现金说“不”，而是应该将选择支付方式的权利交给消费者。既要肯定多元化支付的意义，加强对各类支付结算方式的推广，也要充分尊重公众支付结算习惯，包括使用现金支付的习惯。
需要强调的是，数字人民币作为百姓日常消费支付手段的补充，不是为了取代现金，二者将长期共存。对于一些人担心的数字人民币会侵犯个人隐私问题，应该看到，数字人民币作为央行发行的法定数字货币，会充分尊重隐私与个人信息保护，并在此基础上做好风险防范。在实物现钞依然发行的前提下，公众仍然可获得实物现钞所提供的完全匿名性，不会因数字人民币的发行而受影响。
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
